Internal combustion engine



March 10, 1942.

O. A. KUNZ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 12, 1941 '7 Sheets-Sheet l Inventor O/an 14. Kan:

ll-II A iiorney [Match 10. 1942.

0. A. KUNZ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. '12, 1941 In ventbr /4 Kuhz By Emma/5' A iiorney March 10, 1942. o A. KUNZ 2,275,775

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 12, 1941 I 7 Sheets-Shet 3 Inventor 4, /4- Kn: Q 9

4 A tiorney March 10, 1942.

0. A. KUNZ INTERNAL CIOMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 12, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Inventor March 10, 1942. 3 o. A. KUNZ I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Feb. 12, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 1 Inventor- 0/4 A. Kan:

' A itomey o. A. KUNZ' INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE March 10, 1942.

Filed Feb. 12, 1941 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 Inventor 1o, iaea Patented INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Olan A. Kunz, Santa Rosa, Calif. I Application February 12, 1941, Serial No. 378,625

2 Claims.

The present invention appertains to new and useful improvements in internal combustion engines and more particularly to the type employing aligned cylinders and double-acting pistons operative therein.

The principal object of the present invention is to provide an internal combustion engine wherein the swash plate principle of drive between wherein scavenging is executed automatically and under air pressure.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a swash plate type of drive for in ternal combustion engines wherein the parts are well balanced and capable of eificlent lubrication at all times.

Various other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to the reader of the following specification.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 represents a side elevational view oi the engine.

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view through the engine.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view taken substantially (in a line with the utility shaft.

Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken substantially on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a crosssectional view taken substantially on the line 6-6 of Figure 1.

Figure 7 is an elevational view of oneof the 'counter-balancers,

Figure 8 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 8-8 of Fig re 3.

Figure 9 is a sectional view taken substantially on the same lineas Figure 8, but docking in the opposite direction.

Figure 10 is a, fragmentary detailed sectional view taken substantially on the line Ill-l0 of Figure 1. K

Figure 11 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the structure shown in Figure 10.

.Figure 12 is a perspective view of one of the pitmans.

Figure 13 is a fragmentary detailed sectional view through one of the pistons showingthe air intake manifold removed. I Figure 14 is a fragmentary detailed sectional view through the connecting means-between one of the pitmans and the "swash" plate.

Figure 15 is a fragmentary side elevational view showingone of the pitman balls.

cap.

Figure 16 is an end elevational view of on of the pistons.

Referring to the drawings wherein like numerals designate like parts, it can be seen that broadly the engine is made up of a cylinder cluster 5, end cases 6 and 1 and swash? plate units 8 and 9 operative therein.

As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the cluster 5 also includes an air pressure intake manifold I0 and an exhaust manifold ll. Extending through these horizontally spaced manifolds I0 and II are elongated cylinders [2 in each of which operates a pair of pistons I3, l3, one at each side of a divider |4 which extends circumferentially at the inside of the cylinder. and has a fuel injection jet l5 extending therethrough.

As can be seen in Figure 4, the manifold Ill consists of a shell extending around the cluster 5, the shell being made up of side walls It and an outside wall I1 which has a conduit I8 extending therefrom and to a suitable air pressure source.

Tubular passageways or spacers 19 extend bea tween the side walls I6 and through these extend tie rods 20. A tube 2| extends between the side walls 15 and a utility shaft 22 extends through this tube 2|.

The case 6 consists of a shell 22a having an end wall 23. This shell 22a is secured by screws to the bottom portion of the shell 22.

Th other case! is of similar construction, consisting of a shell 3| having an end wall 32 and being secured by bolts 33 to a wall structure 34 through which the remaining ends of the cylinders I2 protrude.- This end of the shaft 22 has a trunnion-like extension 35-extending through a bearing assembly 36 'in the end wall 32. Below the shell 3| is an oil pan 3'! and with this the Figure 15a is a sectional view of a pitman ball 22 on which is a sleeve 4|.

oil pump 30 is connected by a conduit 38. From the fuel pump 29 fuel supply tubes 39' extend to the fuel injectors l5.

Each of the swash plate units consists in the provision of an oblique portion 40 in the shaft The trunnions 21 and 35 extend from a corresponding counterweight 42 having a weight a at one end and being keyed as at b each at its opposite end to the corresponding oblique portion 40 of the shaft 22.

angles to the sleeve 4| and on this plate 43 is a pair of vertically spaced bearings 44, 44 for receiving the vertical trunnions 45 projecting from a frame 46 circumscribing the shaft 22 at the oblique portion 40. These trunnions have oil ducts therein. Laterally extendingtrunnions 41 extend from the frame 46 and are journaled in bearings 48 carried by arms 43 projecting from the corresponding wall structure 25 or 34. Thus the plates 8 and 9 are mounted so that they can wabble to operate the oblique'portion 40 of the shaft 22.

Each of the pistons 3 is internally formed to receive a ball end-5.0 of a corresponding pitman l.- -The socket for the ball consists in a ribbed pocket 52 in the 5 piston, the ribs 53 defining pockets for holding lubricant. A retaining nut 54 is provided for each socket of each piston. The remaining ends of the pitmans 5| have their ball heads 55 feeding against internally grooved cap plates 55 which, in turn, are seated in sockets in the edge portion of the corresponding swash plates 43 and caps 51 attached to the swash" complete the sockets accommodating the balls 55. As can be seen in -Figures'2 and'l4, the balls 54 and 55 are hollow as is the shank and each ball has an opening therein so that lubricants can circulate and keep all parts properly lubricated. It is preferable that the swash" plates 43 have an inlet 58 so that oil can enter the corresponding pitman head 55, see Figure 14.

As can be seen in Figure 13, the cylinders I2 at the intake manifold ID are each formed with anannular row of closely spaced slots 59. It can also be seen that each cylinder I2 is provided with heat dissipating fins 60 along its portionbetween the manifold and that each end fin denoted by reference character a is somewhat deeper than the others and is preferably grooved on its outer side as at 60b to permit a portion of threaded opening 64 therein accommodates the 7 corresponding fuel injector l5.

As is clearly shown in Figure 3, the shaft [2 extends through bearings 65 located in the wall structure 25 and also through bearings 55 located in the wall structure 34.

In the operation of the engine, it can be observed, that each pair of pistons l3, l3 operate in unison, moving in opposite directions. On the power stroke of these pistons force will be exerted against the "swashf plates 43 moving the corresponding portions in such a manner as to cause the sleeves 4| to exert a torque on the corresponding oblique portions 40 of the shaft 22 giving a part rotation to the shaft 22 which is supplemented by the power strokes of succeeding pistons. The "swash plate executes a wabbling motion, there any time merely being a slight lateral play of the pitman 5I.. As each pair of pistons l3, l3 moves outwardly the manifolds l0 and II are uncovered and air from the conduit 10 sweeping through the manifold l0 enters the corresponding cylinder "and sweeps out burnt gases by way of the exhaust manifold II to the atmosphere if desired through conduits or outlet pipes H (see Figure 1).

While the foregoing specification sets forth the invention in specific terms, it is to be understood that numerous changes in the shape, size and materials may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed hereinafter.

Having described the invention, what is claimed as new is:

1. In an engine, a casing including inner and outer end plates, 8. group of cylinders having their ends passing through holes in the inner plate, a shaft passing centrally through the group with a part of the shaft passing through the center of the inner end plate, that part of the shaft extending into the casing, through the inner end plate having a short straight part and an elongated obliquely arranged portion connected with the short straight part, a substantially vertically arranged arm connected to the free end of the oblique part, a trunnion connected with the arm and journaled in the outer end portion of the casing, a weight at the free end of the arm, a sleeve rotatably arranged on the oblique part, a plate connected to the inner end of the sleeve with the plate arranged at right thereon engaging said journals, said ring-shaped plate surrounding that part of the shaft at the junction of the oblique part with the short straight part and said ring-shaped plate being located in the space formed by the socket forming members, a second pair of trunnions extending from the ring-shaped plate and arranged at' right angles to the first pair and the plate which is connected with the sleeve having bearing parts projecting therefrom for receiving the second pair of trunnions.

2. In an engine, a pair of spaced casings each including inner and outer end plates, the space between the casings being open, a shaft having a straight central portion passing through the center of the space and'through the'inner end members of the casings, a group of cylinders surrounding the shaft and parallel thereto and having their ends extending through the inner end plates, a pair of pistons in each cylinder, rods connected with the pistons and extending into the casings, the central portion of the shaft having short straight portions at its ends located in the casings and oblique portions extending from the short portions located in the casings, an arm connected at one end to the outer end of each oblique portion, the arm extending at substantially right angles and having a trunnion inemmvs 3 termedlate its ends journeled in the outer end wall of the casing, a sleeve rotatably arranged on each oblique portion, a plate connected to the inner end of each sleeve and extending at right angles therelrom, socket forming members at the -corners of each plate end the outer ends of the piston rods having spherical members thereon fitting in the sockets of said members, a ringshaped plate in eech casing and surrounding a, part of the shaft which is located in the casing, a pair of oppositely arranged tmnnions on the ring-shaped plate, bearings carried'by the right 10 casing.

angular plate receiving said trunnions, arms extending inwardly into each casing from the inner end plate and having bearings at their free ends and a second pair of tions on the ringshaped plate and arranged at right angles to the first pair, said second pair fitting in the bearings of the arms and bolts paralleling the central portion of the shaft and having their ends connected with the inner end members 01' the OLAN A. KUNZ. 

